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The birth of the Japanese Welfare State (1868-1918)
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The birth of the Japanese Welfare State (1868-1918)
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Reinterpreting the historical dynamics of the construction of the Japanese Welfare State Looking at the transnational factors in the construction of modern social policies Interrogating the complex relations between biopolitics, social citizenship and democracy
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Reinterpreting the historical dynamics of the construction of the Japanese Welfare State Looking at the transnational factors in the construction of modern social policies Interrogating the complex relations between biopolitics, social citizenship and democracy
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In this seminar, we intends to break with the traditional historiography of the Japanese social state, which describes the Japanese system until the Second World War as more or less backward compared to the Western countries, until the establishment of real political, civil and social citizenship in 1945. Taking the opposite view, we will try to demonstrates that the process of state formation began well before the end of the Second World War, and that Japan was very early integrated into the international rhythms of the evolution of social institutions. However, it will not a question of explaining in a teleological way the process that leads to the system’s full institutionalization after the war. It will rather a question of analyzing the debates and hesitations that inhabited, during this period of transformation, a "social reformist nebula" bringing together senior civil servants, journalists, trade unions and civil society experts who created and disseminated knowledge and influenced reforms. Based mainly on articles and first hand archives produced by the members of this nebula, we will study the phenomena of hybridization between Japanese specificities and transnational influences, especially German ones. We will also intend to revise the role of an active civil society in the process of setting up social and health policies. We will use French social sciences, and in particular certain Foucauldian concepts which are particularly relevant in the Japanese case, and shows how the rise of the governance of populations and the desire to normalize the aspects of everyday life are part of the reinforcement of the biopower of the state, produced by experts. We will also show also how it is questioned by the labor union movement and the International Labor Organization (ILO) whose Japan was an important member from 1919 to 1938. In summary we will interrogate the complex relations between the advances of the modern social state, social citizenship and democracy.
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In this seminar, we intends to break with the traditional historiography of the Japanese social state, which describes the Japanese system until the Second World War as more or less backward compared to the Western countries, until the establishment of real political, civil and social citizenship in 1945. Taking the opposite view, we will try to demonstrates that the process of state formation began well before the end of the Second World War, and that Japan was very early integrated into the international rhythms of the evolution of social institutions. However, it will not a question of explaining in a teleological way the process that leads to the system’s full institutionalization after the war. It will rather a question of analyzing the debates and hesitations that inhabited, during this period of transformation, a "social reformist nebula" bringing together senior civil servants, journalists, trade unions and civil society experts who created and disseminated knowledge and influenced reforms. Based mainly on articles and first hand archives produced by the members of this nebula, we will study the phenomena of hybridization between Japanese specificities and transnational influences, especially German ones. We will also intend to revise the role of an active civil society in the process of setting up social and health policies. We will use French social sciences, and in particular certain Foucauldian concepts which are particularly relevant in the Japanese case, and shows how the rise of the governance of populations and the desire to normalize the aspects of everyday life are part of the reinforcement of the biopower of the state, produced by experts. We will also show also how it is questioned by the labor union movement and the International Labor Organization (ILO) whose Japan was an important member from 1919 to 1938. In summary we will interrogate the complex relations between the advances of the modern social state, social citizenship and democracy.
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History, labor, welfare, social policy, public health
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History, labor, welfare, social policy, public health
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1. Introduction 2. Assistance for the poor during the Edo period 3. The opening of the country and the introduction of biopolitics 4. National hygiene and industrial hygiene 5. The first debates on social legislation before WWI 6. The first social surveys, social work and new solidarities in urban Japan 7. Social movement and social citizenship in Taishô Japan 8. Japan and the International Labor Organisation 9. The development of labor sciences in the interwar period 10. The population problem in interwar Japan 11. Total war social policies and the transformation of labor relations
12. War and biopolitics 13. The war and the postwar social policies 14. Active Learning 1: Presentation of first hand historical materials by the student 15. Active Learning 2: Presentation of first hand historical materials by the student
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1. Introduction 2. Assistance for the poor during the Edo period 3. The opening of the country and the introduction of biopolitics 4. National hygiene and industrial hygiene 5. The first debates on social legislation before WWI 6. The first social surveys, social work and new solidarities in urban Japan 7. Social movement and social citizenship in Taishô Japan 8. Japan and the International Labor Organisation 9. The development of labor sciences in the interwar period 10. The population problem in interwar Japan 11. Total war social policies and the transformation of labor relations
12. War and biopolitics 13. The war and the postwar social policies 14. Active Learning 1: Presentation of first hand historical materials by the student 15. Active Learning 2: Presentation of first hand historical materials by the student
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Presentation: 70 Class performance: 30
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Presentation: 70 Class performance: 30
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Students are required to make preparatory readings to each session. The first hand historical materials to be presented by the students will be distributed at the occasion of the first sessions.
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Students are required to make preparatory readings to each session. The first hand historical materials to be presented by the students will be distributed at the occasion of the first sessions.
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