タイトル
     2017 年度   国際社会学部
  
地域社会研究概論ⅡA   
時間割コード
321006
担当教員(ローマ字表記)
  伊東 剛史 [ITO Takashi]
授業開講形態 授業形態 単位数 学期 曜日・時限 実務経験のある教員による授業
    2 夏学期 集中 -
授業題目(和文)   
近代ヨーロッパにおけるジェンダーと医科学
 
Title(English)   
Introductory Course on "Gender, Medicine and Science in Modern Europe" by Dr. Emese Lafferton (Central European University)
 
授業の目標   
この講義は英語で行われます。詳細は、英語版シラバスをごらんください。
 
Goals of the course   
This course offers an introduction to a vast field of historical and sociological research at the intersection of gender, medicine, and science in modern Europe. We explore the gendered nature of the three interrelated realms of medical and scientific knowledge production, practices, and technologies. Special attention is paid to the personal experience of health and illness.

The course aims at developing a critical understanding of apparently obvious/natural concepts (such as biological and sexual difference, different bodily functions and processes), and the extent to which seemingly pre-social biological entities/ concepts are in fact socially framed, mediated, experienced and regulated.
 
授業の概要   
この講義は英語で行われます。詳細は、英語版シラバスをごらんください。
 
Overview of the course   
After an introduction to the core concepts of the historiography of the field and a discussion of central tenets of feminist epistemologies of science, the course covers a wide range of topics through fascinating case studies. These focus on themes including:
- interpretations of women and men’s assumed nature/biology (sexuality, fertility and reproduction);
- the social construction of sexual difference (in areas of reproductive biology and anatomy in the 18th -20th centuries);
- the gendered and value-laden medical practices of surgery and gynaecology;
- the gendered forms of madness (hysteria, puerperal insanity, and shell shock);
- the invasion of the female body through modern reproductive technologies;
- bodily and sexual transformation (reconstructive and aesthetic surgery) and bodily enhancement. - the patient’s shifting position in 20th century medical encounters (health social movements: breast cancer and the HIV/AIDS movements)
- the personal experience of health/illness and medical intervention
- racial, class and gender aspects of contemporary cosmetic surgery
- the culturally embedded nature of certain gendered pathologies (such as anorexia and bulimia) demonstrated through careful sociological analysis and with the means of cultural studies
 
キーワード   
この講義は英語で行われます。詳細は、英語版シラバスをごらんください。
 
Keywords   
history of medicine and science
gender studies
medical sociology
 
授業の計画   
この講義は英語で行われます。詳細は、英語版シラバスをごらんください。
 
Plan   
Class 1. Gendered Knowledge. An Introduction:

Londa Schiebinger, “The Private Life of Plants: Sexual Politics in Carl Linnaeus and Erasmus Darwin,” in: Marina Benjamin (ed.), Science and Sensibility: Gender and Scientific Enquiry, 1780-1945 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991), pp. 121-143.

Emily Martin, “The Egg and the Sperm: How Science Has Constructed a Romance Based on Stereotypical Male-Female Roles,” Signs, Vol.16, No.3. (1991) 485-501.

Class 2. Constructing Sexual Difference and Gender Politics in the Early Modern Period

Thomas Laqueur, “Orgasm, Generation, and the Politics of Reproductive,” Representations, No. 14, 1986, pp. 1-41.

Londa Schiebinger, “More Than Skin Deep: The Scientific Search for Sexual Difference,” in: The Mind Has No Sex? (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard U.P., 1989), pp. 189-213.

Class 3. The Personal Experience of Illness and Medical Intervention in the Past

Susan Garfinkel, “‘This Trial Was Sent in Love and Mercy for My Refinement’: A Quaker Woman’s Experience of Breast Cancer Surgery in 1814,” in: Judith Walzer Leavitt (ed.), Women and Health in America (Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1999), pp. 68-90.

Cornelia Hughes Dayton, “Taking the Trade: Abortion and Gender Relations in an Eighteenth-Century New England Village,” in: Judith Walzer Leavitt (ed.), Women and Health in America (Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1999), pp. 12-37.

Class 4. Medical Views of Woman and the Rise of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in the 19th Century

Carroll Smith-Rosenberg and Charles Rosenberg, “The Female Animal: Medical and Biological Views of Woman and Her Role in Nineteenth-Century America,” The Journal of American History, Vol. 60, No. 2 (Sep., 1973), pp. 332-356.

Ornella Moscucci, “Woman and Her Diseases,” in The Science of Woman. Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 102-133.

Class 5. Gendered Practices. Surgery, Mutilation, and Gynaecology in 19th Century

Andrew Scull and Diane Favreau, “The Clitoridectomy Craze,” Social Research, Vol. 53, No.2 (1986), pp. 243-260.

Ornella Moscucci, “The ‘Unsexing’ of Women,” in The Science of Woman. Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), pp. 134-164.

Class 6. The Gendered Mind I: Women, Madness, and Hysteria

Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper [Reprint pp. 647-656.]

Elaine Showalter, “Victorian Women and Insanity,” Victorian Studies, 23, (1979-80), 157-81.

Dianne Hunter, “Hysteria, Psychoanalysis, and Feminism: The Case of Anna O.” Feminist Studies, Vol.9, No3. (1983) pp. 465-488 [reprinted in: K. Conboy et.al. (eds.), Writing on the Body. Female Embodiment and Feminist Theory (New York: Columbia U.P., 1997), pp. 257-277.].

Class 7. The Gendered Mind II: Shell Shock and the Vulnerable Man

Paul Lerner, “Psychiatry and Casualties of War in Germany, 1914-18,” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 35, No. 1, Special Issue: Shell-Shock (Jan.,2000), pp. 13-28.

Mark S. Micale, “Hysteria Male/Hysteria Female: Reflections on Comparative Gender Construction in Nineteenth-Century France and Britain,” in: Marina Benjamin (ed.), Science and Sensibility: Gender and Scientific Enquiry, 1780-1945 (Oxf.: Basil Blackwell, 1991), pp. 200-39.

Class 8. The Gendered Disease? Anorexia, Bulimia and the Cult of Slimness

Susan Bordo, “Not Just a “White Girl’s Thing”: The Changing Face of Food and Body Image Problems,” in Carole Counihan and Penny Van Esterik (eds.) Food and Culture. A Reader (Third Edition) (New York: Routledge, 2013) pp. 265-275.

Michael Atkinson, “Male Athletes and the Cult(ure) of Thinness in Sport,” Deviant Behavior, 32 (2011): 224–256.

Jacqueline Urla and Alan C. Swedlund, “The Anthropometry of Barbie. Unsettling Ideals of the Feminine Body in Popular Culture,” in: Jennifer Terry and Jacqueline Urla, (eds.), Deviant Bodies: Critical Perspectives on Difference in Science and Popular Culture (Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1995) pp. 240-287; reprinted in: Londa Schiebinger, ed.,Feminism and the Body (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000) pp. 397-428.

Class 9. Cosmetic Surgery I. The Medicalization of Bodies?

H.S. Edelman, “Why is Dolly Crying? An Analysis of Silicone Breast Implants in America as an Example of Medicalization”, Journal of Popular Culture, 28 (1994), 19-32

Nikki Sullivan, “The Role of Medicine in the (Trans)Formation of `Wrong' Bodies,” Body & Society, 14(1) (2008) pp. 105-116.

Kathy Davis, "'A Dubious Equality': Men, Women and Cosmetic Surgery," Body & Society, 8(1) (2002) 49-65.

Class 10. Cosmetic Surgery II. Race and Gender

Eugenia Kaw, “Medicalization of Racial Features: Asian American Women and Cosmetic Surgery,” Medical Anthropology Quarterly, New Series, Vol.7., No.1., (1993) pp. 74-89.

Michael Atkinson, “Exploring Male Femininity in the Crisis': Men and Cosmetic Surgery,” Body and Society 14 (1) (2008): 67-87.

Class 11. Modern Health Social Movements: HIV/AIDS and Breast Cancer

Harry Collins and Trevor Pinch, “The AIDS Activists”, in Dr.Golem. How to Think About Medicine (Chicago, London: The University of Chicago Press, 2005), pp 153-179.

E.S. Kolker, “Framing as a Cultural Resource in Health Social Movements: Funding Activism and the Breast Cancer Movement in the US 1990-1993”, Sociology of Health & Illness, 26 (2004), 820-844.

Class 12. The History of Reproductive Technologies

Christina Benninghaus, “Beyond Constructivism?: Gender, Medicine and the Early History of Sperm Analysis, Germany 1870–1900,” Gender & History, Vol.24 No.3 (2012) pp. 647–676.

Margaret Marsh and Wanda Ronner, The Empty Cradle: Infertility in America from Colonial Times to the Present. 1999.

Cynthia R. Daniels and Janet Golden, “Procreative Compounds: Popular Eugenics, Artificial Insemination and the Rise of the American Sperm Banking Industry,” Journal of Social History, Vol. 38., No.1. (2004), pp. 5-27.

Class 13. Reproductive Technologies and Dystopian Futures

Matthew Schmidt and Lisa Jean Moore, “Constructing a ‘Good Catch,’ Picking a Winner: The Development of Technosemen and the Deconstruction of the Monolithic Male,” in: Margaret Lock and Judith Farquhar (eds.), Beyond the Body Proper (Durham and London: Duke University Press, 2007), pp. 550-566.

Sarah Franklin, Embryo Watching. How IVF Has Remade Biology. TECNOSCIENZA. Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, 4(1) pp. 23-43.
Ruth Schwartz Cowan, “Medicine, Technology, and Gender in the History of Prenatal Diagnosis,” in: A.N.H. Creager et al., (eds.), Feminism in Twentieth-Century Science, Technology, and Medicine (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2001), pp. 186-196.

*AL: Studens are assinged to write a seminar paper of 2,500 to 3,000 words by combining their own original research with what they have learned from the course.
 
成績評価の方法・基準   
この講義は英語で行われます。詳細は、英語版シラバスをごらんください。
 
Grading system for assessment   
The course combines lectures by the Professor/Instructor with seminars in which Students are encouraged to participate actively. Grades will be based on class attendance (50%) and on a seminar paper of 2,500 - 3,000 words (50%).
 
事前・事後学習【要する時間の目安】   
この講義は英語で行われます。詳細は、英語版シラバスをごらんください。
 
Preview/review   
As evident from the Course Overview, the studied field proves to be exceptionally interdisciplinary. The course therefore provides a unique possibility for students to engage with different research methodologies and analytical tools that characterize the diverse disciplinary fields of women’s and gender studies, science studies, feminist epistemology, history of science, sociology of scientific knowledge, etc., and to compare the distinct characteristics of microhistorical analysis, intellectual history, and sociological, cultural, anthropological/ ethnographic approaches. Readings also provide insights into the critical use of diverse sources, ranging from social historical through literary and scientific to personal ones.
 
履修上の注意   
この講義は英語で行われます。詳細は、英語版シラバスをごらんください。
 
Notes   
The Instructor will provide both an electronic version and a hard copy of all the suggested readings for the course.

*講義で用いられる重要な分析概念および学術用語については、コース担当者(伊東)が日本語訳をつけた用語集(Glossary)を事前に配布する。また、授業理解に資する日本語の基礎文献を事前に紹介する。
 
教科書  
 
参考書  
 
使用言語  
英語(E)
 
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